Ny svensk tidskrift för kultur- och sämhallsfrÅgor, populär vetenskap
...på förarbeten af hans farbroder Andreas Riis, en bland de fa missionärer, som någon längre tid kunnat uthärda dessa trakters... (Sverige - 1853)
...på förarbeten af hans farbroder Andreas Riis, en bland de fa missionärer, som någon längre tid kunnat uthärda dessa trakters... (Sverige - 1853)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln389126
Alumni record of Wesleyan university, Middletown, Conn
...With Jacob Riis's Neighborhood Settlement, New York, 1903-04. In business in Chicago, 111., 1904-15, Deer Park,... (Chicago, Illinois, Amerikas forente stater - 1904)
...With Jacob Riis's Neighborhood Settlement, New York, 1903-04. In business in Chicago, 111., 1904-15, Deer Park,... (Chicago, Illinois, Amerikas forente stater - 1904)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln519360
Vorwald - Forwald family history : 1738-1995
...Delaware Co, Iowa. She married Dean RIIS {3649} 21 Jul 1984 in Winthrop, Delaware Co, Iowa. He was born 26... (Winthrop, Amerikas forente stater - 1984)
...Delaware Co, Iowa. She married Dean RIIS {3649} 21 Jul 1984 in Winthrop, Delaware Co, Iowa. He was born 26... (Winthrop, Amerikas forente stater - 1984)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln5952555
Leeuwarder courant
..., van echt I ngc Urh Riis. Drijfgeld 50 cents. UET JATVILD. 1. Van Buitenpost tot het Tolhek onder Twijzei,... (Garijp, Nederland - 1870)
..., van echt I ngc Urh Riis. Drijfgeld 50 cents. UET JATVILD. 1. Van Buitenpost tot het Tolhek onder Twijzei,... (Garijp, Nederland - 1870)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln20905235
Conquests of the cross : a record of missionary work throughout the world (Volume 3)
...speedily in their graves, and Andreas Riis was left alone. He worked on the coast and in the adjacent country... (Undetermined landet - 1831)
...speedily in their graves, and Andreas Riis was left alone. He worked on the coast and in the adjacent country... (Undetermined landet - 1831)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln29322
St. Stephens Danish Lutheran Church, Perth Amboy, NJ : indexes of records
...Denmark New York Axel Hingsberg?, Andrew J. Riis x x 2 388 386 September 30, 1900 Perth Amboy Jorgen Tingberg... (Perth, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
...Denmark New York Axel Hingsberg?, Andrew J. Riis x x 2 388 386 September 30, 1900 Perth Amboy Jorgen Tingberg... (Perth, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10918214
The Twentieth century home encyclopedia and gazetteer : who is who? Embraces over six thousand short biographies, v. 04
...Riis, Jacob August, born in Ribe, Denmark, May 3, 1849, son of Niels Edward Riis. Came... (Amerikas forente stater - 1849)
...Riis, Jacob August, born in Ribe, Denmark, May 3, 1849, son of Niels Edward Riis. Came... (Amerikas forente stater - 1849)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10924320
History of the Scandinavians and successful Scandinavians in the United States, Vol. 01 & 02
... Emil Riis, Lutheran clergyman at Skjold,who had examined Kirke-bogerne at that place and at Tysvar,... (Skjold, Amerikas forente stater - 1820)
... Emil Riis, Lutheran clergyman at Skjold,who had examined Kirke-bogerne at that place and at Tysvar,... (Skjold, Amerikas forente stater - 1820)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln5928478
Oplysninger om familien Westengaard,
...1762-1771, Etatsraad 1769 /."1746 Charlotte Amalie Riis f. 1720 f 1798 (Hendes Fader var Borgmester i Kolding). Om hans Testamente... (Kolding, Vejle, Danmark - 1798)
...1762-1771, Etatsraad 1769 /."1746 Charlotte Amalie Riis f. 1720 f 1798 (Hendes Fader var Borgmester i Kolding). Om hans Testamente... (Kolding, Vejle, Danmark - 1798)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6555310
Meddelanden frÅn Nordiska museet
...1794, gift med kyrkoherde Knut Nikolaus Riis, som 1774 blef pastor i Östra Herrestad. S. Cawallin: anf. st. D. 4.... (Stockholm, Sverige - 1774)
...1794, gift med kyrkoherde Knut Nikolaus Riis, som 1774 blef pastor i Östra Herrestad. S. Cawallin: anf. st. D. 4.... (Stockholm, Sverige - 1774)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln389098
The encyclopedia of missions [electronic resource]. Descriptive, historical, biographical, statistical
...men, P. P. Jager and Andreas Riis, were sent out from Basel, and in 1832 arrived at Ussu, near Christiansborg,... (Undetermined landet - 1832)
...men, P. P. Jager and Andreas Riis, were sent out from Basel, and in 1832 arrived at Ussu, near Christiansborg,... (Undetermined landet - 1832)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln736072
St. Stephens Danish Lutheran Church, Perth Amboy, NJ : indexes of records
...Carl Lassen, Carl Anton Johansen, Hans Riis, Margrethe Lausen baptized in Perth Amboy x 2 36 36 Knud Nissen Hansen... (Perth, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1889)
...Carl Lassen, Carl Anton Johansen, Hans Riis, Margrethe Lausen baptized in Perth Amboy x 2 36 36 Knud Nissen Hansen... (Perth, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1889)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10918214
The Sachem - 1942
...Yes, the white man was Jacob Riis, son of a Dutch trader and a Chinese dancing girl, a man who... (Kansas City, Jackson, Missouri, Amerikas forente stater - 1942)
...Yes, the white man was Jacob Riis, son of a Dutch trader and a Chinese dancing girl, a man who... (Kansas City, Jackson, Missouri, Amerikas forente stater - 1942)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10923857
The Boston directory ... : including all localities within the city limits, as Allston, Brighton, Charlestown, Dorchester, East Boston, Hyde Park, Jamaica Plain, Readville,...
...-John (Joanne) elk h 15S Ward Riis -John (Vivian) elk Employers' Group h 160 Westview st e.t Dor -John (Delia)... (Boston, Massachusetts, Amerikas forente stater - 1613)
...-John (Joanne) elk h 15S Ward Riis -John (Vivian) elk Employers' Group h 160 Westview st e.t Dor -John (Delia)... (Boston, Massachusetts, Amerikas forente stater - 1613)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln59355
Opregte Haarlemsche Courant, 1878-10-24
...Aqu m Doriaa, Cattalonich, Baltimore, Andreas Riis, Salvesen, Nieuw- York. G. E. Wood, st., Ban, Regiena, Urgelles, Baba°, Invicta Manetola,... (Nederland - 1879)
...Aqu m Doriaa, Cattalonich, Baltimore, Andreas Riis, Salvesen, Nieuw- York. G. E. Wood, st., Ban, Regiena, Urgelles, Baba°, Invicta Manetola,... (Nederland - 1879)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln20797566
The Quarterly journal of the New York State Historical Association (Volume 9)
...of Long Island, written by Edward V. Riis, copied from the Brooklyn Eagle of an earlier date.... (New York, Amerikas forente stater - 1920)
...of Long Island, written by Edward V. Riis, copied from the Brooklyn Eagle of an earlier date.... (New York, Amerikas forente stater - 1920)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln83912
Virginia Beach news (Volume Sept., 1948)
...from an article by Roger William Riis, reprinted in the Virginia Beach News of August 23, 1946, fcy special permission... (Virginia Beach, Virginia, Amerikas forente stater - 1946)
...from an article by Roger William Riis, reprinted in the Virginia Beach News of August 23, 1946, fcy special permission... (Virginia Beach, Virginia, Amerikas forente stater - 1946)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln716362
L'est républicain 1910/12/12
...HôWl-de-j Ville de Paris,.les- châteaux d'Ambroise,. Riis,, Chambord. Sairiî-Ceçmain^e.n-Laye, Fontaine-i Weau, Villers-, Gotterels, Gai.llon> Ecouen, Chnntîi Uv, Madrid, etc.,.le.palais, ducal... (Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Frankrike - 1910)
...HôWl-de-j Ville de Paris,.les- châteaux d'Ambroise,. Riis,, Chambord. Sairiî-Ceçmain^e.n-Laye, Fontaine-i Weau, Villers-, Gotterels, Gai.llon> Ecouen, Chnntîi Uv, Madrid, etc.,.le.palais, ducal... (Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Frankrike - 1910)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln14763988
History of the Swedes of Illinois
...parish, Sweden, where his father, Andreas Riis was a farmer. Equipped with a Swedish common school education, he came to... (Brooklyn, N. Y., New York, Amerikas forente stater - 1860)
...parish, Sweden, where his father, Andreas Riis was a farmer. Equipped with a Swedish common school education, he came to... (Brooklyn, N. Y., New York, Amerikas forente stater - 1860)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln5458354
Sewanee Purple,1980 (Volume 103)
...head of the Fire Department, Erling Riis, although pleased with the beepers' efficiency, dislikes being "married 1... (Sewanee, Tennessee, Amerikas forente stater - 1980)
...head of the Fire Department, Erling Riis, although pleased with the beepers' efficiency, dislikes being "married 1... (Sewanee, Tennessee, Amerikas forente stater - 1980)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6260326
Past and present of Shelby County, Iowa (vol. 2)
...United States House of Representatives, Jacob A. Riis, the famous Danish slum worker and philanthropist of Xew York City, since... (Indiana, Indiana, Amerikas forente stater - 1909)
...United States House of Representatives, Jacob A. Riis, the famous Danish slum worker and philanthropist of Xew York City, since... (Indiana, Indiana, Amerikas forente stater - 1909)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6246257
Duluth Evening Herald (Volume December 21, 1903)
...+neutrality at the time of Jacob A. Riis has been investigating the slums of Washington, and he finds they are... (New, Minnesota, Amerikas forente stater - 1894)
...+neutrality at the time of Jacob A. Riis has been investigating the slums of Washington, and he finds they are... (New, Minnesota, Amerikas forente stater - 1894)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln714033
Young people at work, and: Church review (Volume v.5-6 Apr. 1897-Mar. 1899)
...founded in 1590 by Mr. Jacob A. Riis, an ardent King's Son, and the well-known author of How the Other... (New, Connecticut, Amerikas forente stater - 1590)
...founded in 1590 by Mr. Jacob A. Riis, an ardent King's Son, and the well-known author of How the Other... (New, Connecticut, Amerikas forente stater - 1590)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln716819
Friends intelligencer (Vol. 62)
...Rock." Elizabeth Riis, wife of Jacob A. Riis, the wellknown writer and lecturer, died on the 18th of pneumonia, at... (Kibo, Danmark - 1879)
...Rock." Elizabeth Riis, wife of Jacob A. Riis, the wellknown writer and lecturer, died on the 18th of pneumonia, at... (Kibo, Danmark - 1879)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6244465
Chicago foreign language press survey [microform] : Danish (Volume 3)
...VISITS CHICAGO/ (Sumnary) The actress Elizabeth Riis, from the Dagmar Theater in Copenhagen^ came on a isit to Chicago* The... (Administration, Illinois, Amerikas forente stater - 1897)
...VISITS CHICAGO/ (Sumnary) The actress Elizabeth Riis, from the Dagmar Theater in Copenhagen^ came on a isit to Chicago* The... (Administration, Illinois, Amerikas forente stater - 1897)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln174581
Groninger courant, 1845-04-04
...brik de Rachel, kapitein Olaus Jan Riis, met eene lading steenkolen en an- dere koopwaren, van Newcastle in Engeland naar... (Engeland, Nederland - 1845)
...brik de Rachel, kapitein Olaus Jan Riis, met eene lading steenkolen en an- dere koopwaren, van Newcastle in Engeland naar... (Engeland, Nederland - 1845)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln20833729
Mid-America : an historical review. (Volume 44)
...owned the land he cultivated. Jacob Riis investigating conditions in lower New York city mordantly announced, The slum is the... (Chicago, Illinois, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
...owned the land he cultivated. Jacob Riis investigating conditions in lower New York city mordantly announced, The slum is the... (Chicago, Illinois, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln405940
Norsk forfatter-lexikon, 1814-1880: Paa grundlag af J. E. Krafts og Chr. Langes Norsk forfatter
...og en Soster af Stiftamtmand Fredrik Riis og af Justitiarius i Bergen Christopher Riis.... (Bergen, Sverige - 1814)
...og en Soster af Stiftamtmand Fredrik Riis og af Justitiarius i Bergen Christopher Riis.... (Bergen, Sverige - 1814)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln40662
Saga In Steel And Concrete Norwegian Engineers In America
...p. 9 (August, 1930), George Edward V. Riis, Magnus Swenson, a Doer of Deeds," in Americanr Scandinawian R&view, 7: 288... (Amerikas forente stater - 1930)
...p. 9 (August, 1930), George Edward V. Riis, Magnus Swenson, a Doer of Deeds," in Americanr Scandinawian R&view, 7: 288... (Amerikas forente stater - 1930)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln174628
Obituaries and biographical clippings of residents of Syracuse, Onondaga County, and adjacent areas of Central New York from about 1860 to 1926, v. 11...
...Sargent Huntlngt'on._'hand Colonel Roosevelt described Mr. Riis as " .'7""'[" ' " ' ' "'"' daughter of the late Bishop... (Syracuse, Onondaga Co, New York, Amerikas forente stater - 1860)
...Sargent Huntlngt'on._'hand Colonel Roosevelt described Mr. Riis as " .'7""'[" ' " ' ' "'"' daughter of the late Bishop... (Syracuse, Onondaga Co, New York, Amerikas forente stater - 1860)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln5573704
St. Stephens Danish Lutheran Church, Perth Amboy, NJ : indexes of records
...Anna born Petersen Denmark 1870 Elias Riis Dorte born Quamme? Norway 1881 Carrie Jensen, Mrs. Geneva Nelson 3 483 203... (Carrie, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1881)
...Anna born Petersen Denmark 1870 Elias Riis Dorte born Quamme? Norway 1881 Carrie Jensen, Mrs. Geneva Nelson 3 483 203... (Carrie, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1881)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10918214
Sewanee News, 1989
...Rouge, practicing bankruptcy creditor's law. Erling Riis and his wife, Jeri, had a seven pound, thirteen ounce baby boy on... (Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Amerikas forente stater - 1989)
...Rouge, practicing bankruptcy creditor's law. Erling Riis and his wife, Jeri, had a seven pound, thirteen ounce baby boy on... (Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Amerikas forente stater - 1989)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6260293
St. Stephens Danish Lutheran Church, Perth Amboy, NJ : indexes of records
...(widower) Jens Jensen (widow) Sigrid A. Riis S. Jensen Anna born Petersen Denmark 1870 Elias Riis Dorte born Quamme?... (Elias, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1870)
...(widower) Jens Jensen (widow) Sigrid A. Riis S. Jensen Anna born Petersen Denmark 1870 Elias Riis Dorte born Quamme?... (Elias, New Jersey, Amerikas forente stater - 1870)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10918214
Dansk haandvaerker stat : haandvaerket og haandvaerksmesteren i de danske købstaeder, Vol. 04
...i Odense, Søn af Savvaerksejer Gustav Riis og Hustru Amalie, f. Jensen, gift 3. Maj 1908 m. Vilhelmine R., f.... (Odense, Odense, Danmark - 1908)
...i Odense, Søn af Savvaerksejer Gustav Riis og Hustru Amalie, f. Jensen, gift 3. Maj 1908 m. Vilhelmine R., f.... (Odense, Odense, Danmark - 1908)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10901639
Meddelanden fraÃ??n Nordiska museet. 1897-1903
...1794, gift med kyrkoherde Knut Nikolaus Riis, som 1774 blef pastor i Östra Herrestad. S. Cawallin: anf. st. D. 4.... (Stockholm, Sverige - 1774)
...1794, gift med kyrkoherde Knut Nikolaus Riis, som 1774 blef pastor i Östra Herrestad. S. Cawallin: anf. st. D. 4.... (Stockholm, Sverige - 1774)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln389096
Danske gaarde : illustreret statistisk og historisk haandbog for det danske landbrug, V. 02
...c. 22% Km. Ejer: Niels Riis, som overtog Gaarden 11. Novbr. 1913, er født paa Søbygaard i Kobberup Sogn... (Solbjerg, Danmark - 1913)
...c. 22% Km. Ejer: Niels Riis, som overtog Gaarden 11. Novbr. 1913, er født paa Søbygaard i Kobberup Sogn... (Solbjerg, Danmark - 1913)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln10901641
The National cyclopaedia of American biography (Volume 18)
...reply to an inquiry by Jacob A. Riis as to why he went into politics, when he said: I wanted... (Boston, Massachusetts, Amerikas forente stater - 1880)
...reply to an inquiry by Jacob A. Riis as to why he went into politics, when he said: I wanted... (Boston, Massachusetts, Amerikas forente stater - 1880)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln424270
Official register of the United States (Volume 1909, Vol. 1)
...York New York NY Riis John, Agr Dpty Supvr Frst S $1400 NY' IColo Denver Moab Utah Riker Frank D,... (Amerikas forente stater - 1500)
...York New York NY Riis John, Agr Dpty Supvr Frst S $1400 NY' IColo Denver Moab Utah Riker Frank D,... (Amerikas forente stater - 1500)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln36767
Woman's work : an analysis of Dorothea Lange's photography career in conflict with family life
...exception of Lewis Hine and Jacob Riis who made studies of workers and slum conditions in New York in the... (New, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
...exception of Lewis Hine and Jacob Riis who made studies of workers and slum conditions in New York in the... (New, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln716632
Friends intelligencer (Vol. 60)
...as by those who, like Jacob Riis, are interested in the coming of the reign of decency and good order.... (New, Pennsylvania, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
...as by those who, like Jacob Riis, are interested in the coming of the reign of decency and good order.... (New, Pennsylvania, Amerikas forente stater - 1900)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6244463
Svensk boktryckeri-historia 1483-1883: med inledande allmän öfversigt
...Dahlskog & C.o anlade stilgjutaren Johan Riis och faktor M. P. Dahlskog 1853 tryckeri i huset n:r 29 vid österlånggatan... (Sverige - 1853)
...Dahlskog & C.o anlade stilgjutaren Johan Riis och faktor M. P. Dahlskog 1853 tryckeri i huset n:r 29 vid österlånggatan... (Sverige - 1853)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln44804
Our foreign-born citizens : what they have done for America
...in 1849 a boy named Jacob A. Riis. When he was fifteen, to the great dis appointment of his father,... (Copenhagen, København / Hovedstaden, Danmark - 1849)
...in 1849 a boy named Jacob A. Riis. When he was fifteen, to the great dis appointment of his father,... (Copenhagen, København / Hovedstaden, Danmark - 1849)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln134706
Duluth Evening Herald (Volume January 29, 1909)
...30.-(Special to The Herald.) - Jacob Riis, President Roosevelt's "most useful citizen," who was also Roosevelt's "ideal newspaper man," is... (Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amerikas forente stater - 1700)
...30.-(Special to The Herald.) - Jacob Riis, President Roosevelt's "most useful citizen," who was also Roosevelt's "ideal newspaper man," is... (Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amerikas forente stater - 1700)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln669941
Virginia Beach news (Volume Oct., 1936)
...clerk in Denmark in 1904. Jacob Riis wrote enthusiastically about it and thereby inspired Miss Emily sell, of Wilmington, Delaware,... (Wilmington, Virginia, Amerikas forente stater - 1904)
...clerk in Denmark in 1904. Jacob Riis wrote enthusiastically about it and thereby inspired Miss Emily sell, of Wilmington, Delaware,... (Wilmington, Virginia, Amerikas forente stater - 1904)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln716245
The Rock River Valley : its history, traditions, legends and charms, covering Jefferson, Dodge, Dane, and Rock Counties, Wisconsin, and Winnebago, Stephenson, Boone, Ogle,...
...rendered in that city by Paul B. Riis, superintendent of the Rockford park district, declared that The park history of... (America, Wisconsin, Amerikas forente stater - 1909)
...rendered in that city by Paul B. Riis, superintendent of the Rockford park district, declared that The park history of... (America, Wisconsin, Amerikas forente stater - 1909)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln5582145
Oplysninger om familien Westengaard,
...mødrene Side, stud. theol. Andreas Christian Riis, efter hvis Død 1851 nuvaerende Pastor A. C. Riis til Vestervig og Agger... (Thisted, Thisted, Danmark - 1851)
...mødrene Side, stud. theol. Andreas Christian Riis, efter hvis Død 1851 nuvaerende Pastor A. C. Riis til Vestervig og Agger... (Thisted, Thisted, Danmark - 1851)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6555310
Crocker-Langley San Francisco directory for the year commencing .. (Volume 1897)
...Jessie Riis James, painter Central Hardware and Supply Co., r. 727 Mc Allister Rlke Henry W., veterinary... (San Francisco, California, Amerikas forente stater - 1909)
...Jessie Riis James, painter Central Hardware and Supply Co., r. 727 Mc Allister Rlke Henry W., veterinary... (San Francisco, California, Amerikas forente stater - 1909)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln403982
Encyclopedia of Massachusetts, biographical--genealogical (Volume 4)
...that board were the late Jacob Riis, Judge Ben Lindsey, Rabbi v Stephen S. Wise, Vice-President Thomas Marshall. He was... (Springfield, Massachusetts, Amerikas forente stater - 1905)
...that board were the late Jacob Riis, Judge Ben Lindsey, Rabbi v Stephen S. Wise, Vice-President Thomas Marshall. He was... (Springfield, Massachusetts, Amerikas forente stater - 1905)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln44363
SHC Alumni Directory 2000
...Riis, Haley Coffman, '94 MTEC, Teacher, Mobile Cty School System, r: 7 Ashley Dr., Mobile, AL... (Amerikas forente stater - 1597)
...Riis, Haley Coffman, '94 MTEC, Teacher, Mobile Cty School System, r: 7 Ashley Dr., Mobile, AL... (Amerikas forente stater - 1597)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln6260379
The National cyclopaedia of American biography, being the history of the United States as illustrated in the lives of the founders, builders, and defenders...
... Harris Riis, German, T. C. Yeager, M.D., 'chemistry, physiology, and botany, and Rev. Theodore L.... (Allentowu, Amerikas forente stater - 1807)
... Harris Riis, German, T. C. Yeager, M.D., 'chemistry, physiology, and botany, and Rev. Theodore L.... (Allentowu, Amerikas forente stater - 1807)
Geneanet brukernavn : colgnln98564
Søkefiltre
Samling
12 749
2 745
159
4
2
Tilgangsrettigheter
Språk
12 825
1 437
847
201
121
117
56
20
18
9
5
1
1
1